Through the Eyes of the Blind in Cathedral by Raymond Carver

Through the Eyes of the Blind in Cathedral by Raymond Carver You can never seem to know whats going on in another ones life, unless you put your feet in there shoes, so to judge, is simply ignorance. Raymond Carvers Cathedral is a story about how the narrator is uncomfortable with having his wifes blind friend, Robert, over. Roger has lost his wife, and to cope with her death, he planned to visit the narrators wife. Without any knowledge whatsoever on how to act in accompany towards a blind man, the narrator seems to get a glimpse of what it is to truly fit into the blind mans shoe. The narrator starts his story very unenthusiastic about Rogers visit. He based his ideas mainly from movies he remembered watching, In the†¦show more content†¦Whats it matter which side as if she werent sure that her husband was mature enough to handle company who supposedly is blind (215). As the night fled by Robert and the narrators wife caught up on old times. Time passed and the narra tors wife had left the room, getting ready for bed. The narrator seemed to feel uncomfortable as he was left alone with Robert. He then offered another drink, and also offered to smoke some dope, and Robert accepted the offer. I guess this was the narrators way to lighten up the air, for the narrator to sort of loosen up. His wife comes back, and they all participate in having a little smoke session. The narrators wife ends up falling asleep and Robert suggests staying up late with the narrator. With the television on, the narrator chitchats with Robert. Theyre showing the outside of this cathedral now, as he explains to Robert what cant be heard on television (223). As the television was airing this cathedral, the narrator wondered whether Robert actually knew what a cathedral really is. The narrator asks him and finds out that he only knows what he has just been informed through the television. Robert tries desperately to describe what a cathedral really is, ToShow More RelatedCathedral By Raymond Carver Analysis1631 Words   |  7 Pages Cathedral is a short story written by American writer and poet Raymond Carver. (2017) The story was first published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981 and appeared in The Americas Best Short Stories in 1982. (2012) In the short story cathedral, the narrator’s wife’s blind friend is coming to visit. The narrator isn’t thrilled about his wife’s blind friend coming to visit nor is he happy that the man is blind. Later in the evening the narrator experiences a life changing realization of the true meaningRead MoreAn Analysis Of Cathedral By Raymond Carver1441 Words   |  6 Pages Cathedral Research Paper The short story â€Å"Cathedral†, by Raymond Carver, is a thought provoking piece that focuses on the transition a man goes through to see the world with his soul. The story gives hope that people can change if given the chance to be better people. Over the course of the story, Carver uses both diction and description to explore themes in religion and morality. â€Å"Cathedral† depicts a husband and a wife as they prepare and entertain a friend of the wife. The husband, the narratorRead MoreThe Lives and Works of Raymond Carver1692 Words   |  7 PagesWith a unique and brilliant style of writing, Raymond Carver has left a lasting and outstanding impact on the history of short stories. Even though Raymond Carver left a long impact, his life was of the opposite. Like Raymond Carver’s famous award winning stories, his life was short. Raymond Carver was born on May 25th, 1938 in Clatskanie, Oregon, a mill town on the Columbia River. Carver grew up in Yakima, Washington. Carver had three members to his small family, his mother, his father, and brotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Story Cathedral 1734 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Cathedral is a famous short story by American writer and poet Raymond Carver. The story was first published in The Atlantic Monthly in 1981 and appeared in The Americas Best Short Stories in 1982. In the short story cathedral, the unnamed narrator’s wife’s blind friend is coming to visit. The narrator isn’t thrilled about his wife’s blind friend coming to visit nor is he happy that the man is blind. Later in the evening the narrator experiences a life changing realization of the trueRead MoreCathedral (by Raymond Carver)1131 Words   |  5 PagesCathedral: A Lesson for the Ages Raymond Carver s short story, Cathedral, portrays a story in which many in today s society can relate. We are introduced from the first sentence of the story to a man that seems to be perturbed and agitated. As readers, we are initially unsure to the reasoning s behind the man s discomfort. The man, who seems to be a direct portrayal of Raymond Carver himself, shows his ignorance by stereotyping a blind man by the name of Robert, who has come to stay withRead MoreAP and Cathedral Comparison Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesMallory Russell 06/12/15 Comparison Essay ENG 102 Online â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver versus â€Å"A + P† by John Updike In the short stories â€Å"Cathedral† by Raymond Carver and â€Å"A + P† by John Updike the protagonists experience an epiphany that change their restricted way of thinking. The main character, â€Å"Sammy† in John Updike’s, â€Å"A + P† is a teenage boy working in the town grocery store. Sammy experiences an epiphany when he decides to quit his job at the grocery store. He quit because he believedRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s Cathedral 1097 Words   |  5 PagesSeptember 2015 Cathedral by Raymond Carver In this short story by Raymond Carver begins with a man whose wife invited a good friend over named Robert and is blind. Before Roberts Arrival, the wife’s husband, whose name is Bub, does not know what to make out of his wife’s good friend Robert coming over to their house. Carver utilizes a story of a blind man who changes Bub’s outlook in life. Through the narrators changing character, theme of loneliness and jealousy, and the cathedral being a symbolRead MoreThe Two Sides Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand. We are given the choice of seeking out more of said idea or choosing to remain as is. Cathedral by Raymond Carver is a story that gives us a look into what it is like to have our views challenged through experiencing them first hand. We are introduced to the story by narration and we are given a brief summary of how his wife and the blind man had met from the narrrator. We learn that the blind man is named Robert, he is the only character t hat is named and described in the story. AfterRead MoreEssay about Cathedral by Raymond Carver813 Words   |  4 PagesCathedral by Raymond Carver In Raymond Carver?s ?Cathedral?, the conventional ideas often associated with blindness and sight are challenged. By juxtaposing his two male characters, Carver is able to effectively explore sight and its seemingly simplistic relationship with learning and knowledge. As well, he addresses the barriers imposed by the human tendency to rely on vision as the sole means of experiencing the world. At the beginning of the story, the narrator?s perception onRead MoreAnalysis Of Raymond Carver s The Cathedral 863 Words   |  4 Pages One of the Raymond Carver story where we can find a lot of religion symbols; it is â€Å"Cathedral.† The story develops an ironic situation in which a blind man teaches a sighted man to truly â€Å"see† for the first time. Near the end of the story, Carver has these two characters work together on a drawing of a cathedral, which serves as the symbolic heart of the story. The cathedral represents true sight, the ability to see beyond the surface to the true meaning that lies within. The narrator’s drawing

Personal Statement For Secondary School Certificate Essay

Steve Jobs once said that the only way to do great work is to love what you do and you must have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. All my life I have been driven by this quote in trying to follow my dreams. Some people are afraid of dreaming or do nothing but dream. But few dream, and work to make their dreams true. I consider myself in the second category. Raised in a strong and secure family, I have been fortunate to have parents who have instilled in me good values and principles, where education has always been given the top priority. I achieved GPA 4.63 out of 5.00 in Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and GPA 4.60 out of 5.00 in Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) examination. I got Scholarships for excellent result in both primary school certificate (class-5) and junior school certificate (class-8). I finally got myself admitted in the four years Bachelor Degree programme in Geography and Environment at University of Dhaka, the most renowned institution in Bangladesh. I obtained CGPA 3.25 out of 4 at my bachelor degree. I am always fascinated by the geo-visualization and communication of spatial technologies. During my undergraduate level in Geography and Environment, I was taught a variety of courses, such as- Biogeography, Climatology, Geomorphology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Ecology, and Environmental Management, Land use Planning Development, Urban Agricultural Geography, Economics and Sociology etc. I was also introduced withShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement905 Words   |  4 PagesArts in Teaching, BSc. (hons.) Education, Diploma in Teaching PROFESSIONAL GOAL STATEMENTS DEGREE/SPECIALISATION: Ed.D. –SPECIAL EDUCATION PERSONAL/PROFESSIONAL GOALS: A philosopher once wrote that learning is dynamic; and as such graduate school became a natural progression. Having read for a Masters Degree in teaching, this part of the journey translates into me eventually owning and operating a school that will cater for the whole child, with each grade level being equipped with a specialRead MoreThe Importance of Vocational Education2956 Words   |  12 Pagescame into affect steered by John Marcus O’Sullivan, Minister for Education 1926-1932. From this act came the establishment of technical and vocational schools. The most common form of second level education to this point was the secondary schools which were denominational schools. The secondary school system worked in similar fashion to grammar schools, with their main focus on academic education. The Vocational act allowed for a new schooling system which had a focus on education with a practical basisRead MoreAcademic And Incentive Needs Of Science Teachers Essay1384 Words   |  6 Pagessetbacks is teachers’ needs. This research is dealing with one of the challenges science teachers are facing in teaching. If the needs of Science teachers can be met, Science teachers will perform better and science education will improve in senior secondary schools in Nigeria. Need is the basis for generating motivation (Dengda and Zhu, 2009). Need is defined as a situation in which something is necessary, especially something that is not happening yet or not available (Longman, 2003). It can also be definedRead MoreTesting in Hong Kong844 Words   |  3 Pagestests and placement tests. In this article, we would like to have some simple analysis on the quality of the reading test in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) Examination of 2013. This is a newly implemented public examination in 2002 which serve with different purpose and format as the former public examination: Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) and the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE). â€Å"Achievement tests are directly related to language course,Read MoreIntroduction. According To The Nasw Code Of Ethics For1228 Words   |  5 Pagesdirected to individual and social change. Since the mid-1960s both the Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) have recognized social work s role in social reform. The 1994 CSWE Curriculum Policy Statement (CSWE, 1994) and the 1996 NASW Code of Ethics continue to call for action to improve social conditions as one way for social work to honor its primary obligation to individual and community welfare. Resulting in systems, transactional, person-in-situationRead MoreFactors Affecting the Perfomance of Secretaries in an Organisation4401 Words   |  18 Pagesthe ‘significant others’ influence but also springs from appreciating its normative dimension. Key words: Attitudes, performance, self concept, shorthand INTRODUCTION Most students who enroll in Secretarial St udies at either certificate or diploma levels do not get certificates at the end of their training because of failing in shorthand - considered a key subject in the training of secretaries, (Eddy, 2002). Its performance in national examinations today continues to be poor because the intrinsicRead MoreThe Discipline Of School Counseling2213 Words   |  9 PagesDefining Career Readiness The discipline of school counseling has evolved and grown from focusing on supporting student’s academic and personal/social needs to a well-rounded profession. Professional school counselors are looked at as advocates and conduits that are responsible for ensuring that students successfully transition through each educational stage from primary to their post-secondary opportunities. One reason for the change in direction was an increased focus on career counseling as anRead MoreCauses and Effect of Increase in Male Dropout in Our Education System9019 Words   |  37 Pagesincrease in male dropout from school in Anambra State. Again, that the desire for quick wealth affects male enrolment in school in Anambra State causes male dropout in our educational system in Anambra state. Again, that there is address economic and social effects on the general development of the country as a result of this increased male dropout from school in Anambra state. Lastly, it was discovered th at there are possible solutions to this increase in male dropout from school in Anambra state. BasedRead MoreA Thematic Literature Review : Low Income Single Mothers1393 Words   |  6 Pages A Thematic Literature Review Low-income Single Mothers Shagana Vijayaratnam SOCI 2030_B 2015-16 Professor L. Goldring TA G. Kilicaslan November 1, 2015 Literature Review Statement: This literature review will focus on the different types of struggles that low-income single mothers face. This review will include a broad overview of the published literature on the issues of welfare, childcare and employment that low-income single mothers challenge. The reviewRead MoreArgumentative Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Career Cluster When I was in middle school, I wanted to be a massage therapist. I liked helping relieve stress in peoples shoulders even when they did not know it was there. I knew that it made good money and as I was aware, that was I was suppose to strive for. My parents made adequate money doing things that helped people, and I wanted to do that while even making more. As my years passed on, I had a very strong interest in photography. I was warned that I may not make as much as an artist and

The Components Of A Healing Hospital - 963 Words

Healing Hospitals Many hospitals are currently including ways to help decrease stress and promote healing among patients. Furthermore, it is not only the physical parts of our bodies that need healing, but also our mind and spirit. There are factors that can create barriers to developing a healing environment in a healthcare setting. Although this may be true there are many benefits to having a healing environment. Such as prevention of medical errors and hospital acquired infection, whole enhancing â€Å"staff morale and efficancy† (Zborowsky Kreitzer, 2008, p.1). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the components of a healing hospital, relationship of spirituality, challenges and barriers to a healing hospital, and biblical aspects of a healing hospital. Components of a Healing Hospital Moreover, healing originates from the Anglo-Saxon word â€Å"haelen†, which intends to make entirety. One approach to comprehend the term is as amicability of mind body, and spirit (Zborowsky Kreitzer, 2008, p.1). Florence Nightingale discussed the significance of common light, outside air, and calm for recuperating, saying that healthcare providers ought to put the patient in the best conceivable condition with the goal that nature can act and allow healing to occur (Zborowsky Kreitzer, 2008, p.1). The several components of a healing hospital included having an increase connection to nature, providing positive diversions, access to social support, reduce environmental stressors,Show MoreRelatedComponents Of A Healing Hospital1387 Words   |  6 Pagesvulnerability which can hinder the healing process. Medical professionals must take this into consideration in order to provide the ultimate healing environment. A healing hospital will not only provide the patient with an optimal environment but also aid in speeding up the recovery rate. Creating a healing hospital is a fundamental process however, can be extremely difficult. This paper will examine the components of a healing hospital, the challenges of creating a healing hospital, as well as biblical aspectsRead MoreThe Components of Healing Hospitals and Their Relationships to Spirituality1453 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Traditional hospitals using standard medical treatment and Western-educated personnel tend to treat the patients physical being while ignoring other equally important aspects of the patient and the caregiver. Fortunately, healing hospitals have transformed the concept of healing through the principle of Radical Love. Recognizing the equal importance of physical, mental, emotional and spiritual wellbeing for all members of the hospital environment, Radical Love enhances the entireRead MoreA Daring Paradigm1225 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: HEALING HOSPITAL: A DARING PARADIGM Healing Hospital: A Daring Paradigm Jolly Joseph Grand Canyon University HLT-310V Spirituality in Health Care Professor: Patricia Mullen 11/06/2011 Healing is the process of restoring the wellness. It can also refer as curing or soundness. While healing process is underway, the person who gets healed is achieving a spiritual totality. Healing takes place when a person becomes ill. During this restoring processRead MoreHlt 310v Week 2 Assignment Healing Hospital a Daring Paradigm1060 Words   |  5 PagesHLT 310V WEEK 2 ASSIGNMENT HEALING HOSPITAL A DARING PARADIGM To purchase this tutorial visit here: http://wiseamerican.us/product/hlt-310v-week-2-assignment-healing-hospital-daring-paradigm/ contact us at: SUPPORT@WISEAMERICAN.US Max Points: 125 Details: Consider how the paradigm of a healing hospital might influence your philosophy of caregiving and write an essay of 500-750 words that addresses the following: 1. Describe the components of a healing hospital and their relationship to spiritualityRead MoreHealing Hospital1260 Words   |  6 PagesHealing hospital paradigm is centered on the removal of stress and other health risks for the patients and their families in the hospital environment. Healing hospital paradigm is important because treating a patient’s illness is not the only intrinsic component when they are admitted to the hospital. A good example for this is stress. Stress can be brought about due to many things when a patient is in the hospital, for example painful treatments, financial problems due to being admitted, loss ofRead MoreThe Healing Of A Healing Hospital899 Words   |  4 Pagesdistinction of a healing hospital is highly regarded because it indicates that the facility promotes a healing environment that supports efficiency and inspires compassionate care. Creating an environment that fosters both physical and spiritual healing can prove to be a challenging undertaking, however by focusing on establishing an environment conducive to healing, integrating work design and technology and delivering the care with compassion; the end result can be success. A healing hospital is one solutionRead MoreSidebottomrweek1Spiritualityinhealinghospitals1122 Words   |  5 PagesSpirituality in Healing Hospitals Ryan Sidebottom April 22, 2012 HLT 310V Spirituality in Healthcare Grand Canyon University A growing topic in healthcare today is the focus on promoting a â€Å"healing† environment. While many consider all hospitals, nursing homes and rehabilitation centers to be healing facilities they are not recognized as such by the Baptist Healing Trust of Nashville Tennessee. To be deemed a â€Å"healing hospital† a facility possesses three key components which are not only physicalRead MoreHealing Hospital1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Healing Hospital Paradigm†¨The inception of the â€Å"Healing Hospital† is not new. Healing hospitals in various forms have been around throughout history. As hospitals were slowly taken over by religious orders they became more holistic concentrating on all aspects of healing including physical, mental, and spiritual. Instead of focusing on the patient as a carrier of disease and death they began to look at them as a person that has certain fundamental needs for existence. One of these needs as foreRead MorePatient Care, Ed ucation, And Medical Research Essay871 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Hospital is an institution providing medical care and other services for sick and injured persons. The modern hospital has three major functions: patient care, education and medical research. The total number of hospitals around the world is estimated to be about 1,25,000. In the United States there are about 10,000 hospitals providing services and facilities for the humanity. There are also more than 10,000 nursing homes providing care to the chronically ill and the aged. Thus hospital provideRead MoreThe Healing Hospital Paradigm Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe inception of the â€Å"Healing Hospital† is not new. Healing hospitals in various forms have been around throughout history. As hospitals were slowly taken over by religious orders they became more holistic concentrating on all aspects of healing including physical, mental, and spiritual. Instead of focusing on the patient as a carrier of disease and death they began to look at them as a person that has certain fu ndamental needs for existence. One of these needs as fore mentioned is spirituality.

Intentional Melodrama Forms in Brechts The Jewish Wife Essay

The triviality of melodrama is so often the theatrical scapegoat that boils the blood of the modern-day critic: the sentimental monologues, the martyred young lovers, the triumphant hero, and the self-indulgent imagery. Melodrama would seem the ultimate taboo; another failed Shakespearean staging or even worse, an opera minus the pretty music. Ironically, Bertolt Brecht, dramatic revolutionary and cynic of all things contrived found promise in the melodramatic presentation. Brecht examined and manipulated the various superficial and spectacular aspects of theatre, establishing a synthesis of entertainment and social criticism as his fundamental goal. Bertolt Brecht employs various facets of melodramatic technique in The Jewish Wife,†¦show more content†¦This is Judith. Look, Im leaving right away (13). Like the grand opera of the nineteenth century, we are presented with a formulaic plot that is easily understood, clearly reflecting a change in time or consciousness (B rooks, 141). Providing the audience with over-the-top imagery, elements of the stage direction indicated by Brecht embellish an already melodramatic piece in The Jewish Wife. Perhaps one of the most deliberate actions taken by Judith comes as she completes the series of departing telephone calls. A blatant symbolic device, Judith is not only to said to have been smoking, but that, she now burns the little book in which she looked up the telephone numbers (13). This reflects the end of her characters existence up until this point as wife and passive homemaker. Examining the intense political and social climate in which Brechts text is set, it becomes clear that for the aforementioned reasons and more, The Jewish Wife is intentionally written as a melodrama. Positioned at the onset of the Third Reichs rise to power in 1930s Germany, Brecht instantly establishes a chaotic environment in which the characters interact. The observing audience, as Brecht is aware, understands the tragic circumstances into which Judith and her husband have been thrown. It is perhaps the most

Pharmacy Practice and Therapeutics

Question: Discuss about the Pharmacy Practice and Therapeutics. Answer: Introduction: The kidney contributes as significant function in the management of different body fluids and control of blood pressure. Earlier studies have shown that disruption in the function of the renal system can lead to the development of hypertension. Factors mainly responsible for the development of hypertensive state are: functional augmentation of renal vascular tone like elevated renal vascular resistance, renal arterial vasoconstriction due to increased angiotensin II , deficiency in control of renal blood flow like decreased renal blood flow, increased sympathetic activity by increasing level of noradrenalin, altered response of angiotensin II to renal vasculature leads to vasoconstriction and decreased dopaminergic activity. Change in the renal vascular tone results in the vascular resistance and consequent increase in the blood pressure. Alteration in the vascular tone is due to unusual sympathetic system reaction to the increased level of sodium which is due to the increased secretion of aldosterone hormone release. In hypovolemia condition there is the decreased blood flow and it is detected by barorecptors in the blood vessels, macula densa cells present in the loop of henle and sympathetic nervous system. This decrease in blood flow leads to the renal ischemia condition. In response to the sympathetic stimulation like increase noradrenaline release there is the increased release of rennin in the granular cells of juxtaglomerular apparatus. Renin detects alteration in the renal perfusion pressure through stretch receptors present in the renal vascular walls. Increased level of rennin leads to the conversion of angiotensinogen in the liver into angiotensin I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme plays important role in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and this enzyme mainly found in the lung and also found in the endothelial and kidney epithelial cells. Angiotensin II acts on the adrenal gland to secret aldosterone which leads to the tubular Na+ Cl- reabsorption and K+ excretion, whic h leads to the increase in the blood pressure. Angiotensin II acts on the AT1 receptor which releases Ca++, this results in the decreased level of cAMP and increased blood pressure (Holechek, 2003). Raynaud's syndrome is a condition which affects extremities of the body like fingers and toes. This condition is painful and color changes of the extremities occur. This painful condition of the extremities is due to effect of extreme conditions like very high and low temperature and also emotional stress plays role in this condition. Due to these external factors there is narrowing of the blood vessels in the extremities. This condition also occurs as a complication of disease like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus and scleroderma (Marshall et al., 1976). Peripheral artery disease is complication of the circulatory system and it occurs due to decreased blood flow to the limbs, heart and brain due to the narrowed arteries. This results in the pain in the leg which is also called as claudication. This narrowing of the arteries occurred mainly due to the deposition of plaque in the arteries which is called as atherosclerosis. This plaque is formed by fat, calcium, cholesterol, and fibrous tissue in the blood. Peripheral artery disease is a risk factor for other cardiovascular disease like heart attack, coronary heart disease, stroke, and ischemia. Beta blockers are mainly used for the cardiovascular disease like coronary artery disease, hypertension and arrhythmias. In these diseases, this effect is due to antagonism of both beta 1 and 2 receptors. These beta blockers produce effects like reduced cardiac output and unchecked alpha adrenergic action. These effects results in the reduced blood supply to the extremities and vasoconstriction. In both the diseases Raynaud's syndrome and peripheral artery disease, there is the vasoconstriction which increases the blood pressure and also there is the reduced supply of blood to the extremities like figures, toe and limbs. This leads to the painful condition like claudication. If beta blockers administered to these patients of Raynaud's syndrome and peripheral artery disease, there is the possibility of exaggerating these disease conditions and patient may deteriorate. Evidences are available for the increase in frequency of Raynaud's syndrome and peripheral artery disease due to admin istration of beta blockers (Paravastu et al., 2013). Airway airway remodelling comprises of injury to the epithelial cells, goblet cell hyperplasia and nucus secretion, subepithelial layer thickening, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and angiogenesis. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Several receptor tyrosine kinases like epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) are responsible for the airway remodeling in the lung diseases. Above mentioned growth factors are the main ligands for these kinase enzymes and these growth factors plays important role in the remodeling of lung in respiratory diseases. These growth factor inhibitors exhibited reduced collagen deposition, reduced goblet cell proliferation and reduced airway smooth muscle contraction (Manuyakorn et al., 2013). Biological therapies: Biological therapies like Omalizumab, Mepolizumab, Etanercept etc. act on the inflammatory cytokines in the lung diseases. Increased level of inflammatory cytokines leads to the airway remodeling in the patients with lung diseases. It has been well established that epithelium plays significant part in the beginning of the airway remodeling. Epithelium mesenchymal transformation (EMT) initiated by these cytokines and environmental factors needs to be prevented. These biological therapies inhibit these cytokines and consequently prevent airway remodeling maintenances property of EMT. These biological therapies help in alleviating airway remodeling by preventing eosinophils recruitment, angiogenesis, by preventing formation of fibroblasts, by prevention smooth cell differentiation and by acting on endothelial cells and alveolar macrophages. Effect of the biological therapies in airway remodeling is evident from positive effect of these therapies on forced expiratory volume (FEV1), asthm a exacerbations, airway obstruction, collagen deposition and bronchoconstriction (Cho, 2001). Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS): Inhaled corticoids like flunisolide, budesonide, fluticasone and beclomethasone are mainly used as anti-inflammatory drugs in respiratory diseases like asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inflammatory cells and cytokines are mainly responsible for the structural airway changes and the airway remodeling. These inhaled corticosteroids produce its effect in airway remodeling by reducing angiogenesis in the lamina propria below the epithelium. Inhaled corticosteroids showed effect on airway remodeling by reducing bronchial hyperresponsivness (Riccioni et al., 2004). References: Cho, J.Y. (2001). Recent advances in mechanisms and treatments of airway remodeling in asthma: A Message from the bench side to the clinic. Korean Journal of Internal Medicine, 26(4), 367383. Holechek, M.J. (2003). Renal hemodynamics: an overview. Nephrology Nursing Journal, 30(4), 441-6. Marshall, A.J., Roberts, C.J., and Barritt, D.W. (1976). Raynaud's phenomenon as side effect of beta-blockers in hypertension. British Medical Journal, 19(1), 14981499. Manuyakorn, W., Howarth, P.H., and Holgate, S.T. (2013). Airway remodelling in asthma and novel therapy. Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology, 31, 3- 10. Paravastu, S.C., Mendonca, D.A., and Da Silva, A. (2013). Beta blockers for peripheral arterial disease. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 11(9), CD005508. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005508. Riccioni, G., Di Ilio, C., and DOrazio, N. (2004). Pharmacological treatment of airway remodeling: inhaled corticosteroids or antileukotrienes?. Annals of Clinical Laboratory Science, 34(2), 138-142.

Social crime free essay sample

Malaysia is generally considered to be one of the most stable countries in South East Asia. Like all developing nations, however there are some problems, which can impact on businesses operating or planning operations within the country. However, crime not only occurs throughout our environment but also through the internet, we called it as cybercrime. The discussion will start with the types of crime that are occurring in Malaysia lately. Body 1. Credit card fraud is a wide-ranging term for theft and fraud committed using a credit card or any similar payment mechanism as a fraudulent source of funds in a transaction. The purpose may be to obtain goods without paying, or to obtain unauthorized funds from an account. Credit card fraud is also an adjunct to identity theft. Application fraud happens when a criminal uses stolen or fake documents to open an account in someone elses name without authorisation. Criminals may try to steal documents such as utility bills and bank statements to build up useful personal information. Alternatively, they may create counterfeit documents. Account takeover happens when a criminal tries to take over another persons account, first by gathering information about the intended victim, and then contacting their card issuer while impersonating the genuine cardholder, and asking for mail to be redirected to a new address. The criminal then reports the card lost and asks for a replacement to be sent. They may get victims’ personal information by sending them a fake e-mail from bank which stated that their bank account has been hacked and their information are needed to overcome the problem. Prevention: How can we prevent credit card fraud? New technology makes it harder and harder to prevent credit card fraud because thieves are always discovering new ways on how to crack and steal credit card and bank account  numbers. There is no prevention that can stop credit card fraud 100% of the time, but there are ways of helping prevent this from happening. There are many ways and tips that can help prevent this from happening. One way is that credit card companies are trying to help their customers have more employees to work full-time for fraud prevention. Many companies have also sent out millions of brochures to people in cities where identity theft is most common. Companies want to educate customers about credit card fraud and preventing this from happening because many people don’t even know that this type of fraud can happen. Some other little tips on how to prevent this from happening is sign your credit cards as soon as they arrive, carry your credit card separate from your wallet, keep a record of your account and credit card information, void incorrect receipts, destroy carbons, save receipts to compare with billing statements, open bills promptly and notify card companies in advance of a change in address. Different credit card companies have their own way of prevention. For example, when MasterCard cardholders buy any product or service online a pop up appears and asks the consumer to enter a special password called a secure code to confirm that it’s the right cardholder. Some credit card companies make you confirm a purchase by asking you to enter your mother’s maiden name, social security number or a special password like MasterCard does. 2. Drug abuse: the main uses of drug are in the field of medicine, to cure or reduce pain. However, there is a group of user who abuse drugs. They take drug in excess and not follow the doctor advance. The main causes are individually (irrationality). Some of today’s youth no longer respects their parent and also being argumentative .Their think aren’t minded is old-fashioned and not accordance with flow of time and make them more like to mix with their peers. At this age they are eager to know the taste of the drug and want to try it. Besides that, they don’t know or lack of general knowledge about the adverse effect of drug. Second is family problem, in which having family problem such as divorce, parent more concerned with their careers and lack of love from family. This parent attitude maybe makes them feel the status is not importance in the heart of their parent. Thus they will be more time with their peers and want to try drug to reduce the  stress. Divorce means no mutual understand between husband, wife and child. If this happen parent have no time to give instruction and full of love to their child and make them feel lonely, not perfect and lack of confident. Then they want to forget about their problem and sadness and give up with the drug. Other factors-pressure peers, not confident with self and not love with own life. Prevent-Controlling is better than medicine, more attention should be given to education and public awareness of drug abuse through formal education in school, campaign from time to time and the mass media. Thus, we can prevent drug abuse from its roots again. 3. Bullying: I would like to talk about one of the social crime which is bullying. Bullying is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate the others. Bullying includes actions such as making threats, spreading rumours, attacking someone physically or verbally. There are a few reasons that led to this situation. Causes can be from parent where teenagers are not getting enough guidance and attention from their parents. Thus, this can lead to the emergence of various social crimes that affecting the teenagers and one of the social crimes was bullying. Nowadays, parents busy with their career and are not able to spend time with their children. Instead of seeking guidance from their parents, these children will do so from their peers. With the negative peer pressure, an environment will exist which eventually lead to the case of bullying. Next, Mass Media is also one of the reasons that lead to the case of bullying. The action movie or drama that showed on the TV will affect the teenagers’ thinking. They will tend to learn it and apply in the real life. In the modern era of technology, internet such as Facebook, YouTube have some violence video. This can cause the teenagers to try the action in their life. Prevent: first is school-The role of school is important to reduce the rate of bullying. In Malaysia, it is compulsory to attend the co-curricular activities after the school hours. But, many students and parents consider that academic is much more important than that. Actually, these co-curricular activities are not only useful to develop students physically but also essential in social, moral and emotional development. By participate these activities, students can get the opportunities to learn self-discipline, self-independent, build self-confident and develop skills  to handle competitive situations in their future life. Therefore, teenagers will become responsible person and productive citizens that will not involve themselves in social crimes. Second is government-In the other hand, government also plays an important role to overcome the case of bullying. I believe that government should organize awareness campaigns for teenagers to let them more understand about the effect of bullying. Awareness campaign will remind teenagers about the negative impact when involved in bullying. The awareness campaign can organize at schools or some public places so that more teenagers can participate in this campaign. 4. Kidnapping: the taking away or transportation of a person against that persons will, usually to hold the person in false imprisonment, a confinement without legal authority. This may be done for ransom or in furtherance of another crime, or in connection with a child custody dispute. When it is done with legal authority, it is often called arrest or imprisonment. It could also have to do with family issues. People wanting money or even just abuse of the children. 5. I also would like to add one crime that is that becoming very serious lately, baby dumping. During 2010, baby dumping becoming hot issues on the media. The baby is leaving alone, for an extended period of time in a public or private setting with the intent to dispose of the child. Mostly, teenagers always seen to be involved in this situation. Teenage parents give birth in a motel room and leave the child for dead in a dumpster. A girl gives birth in a school bathroom at night and then throws the baby into the garbage or in the toilet. This phenomenon is unacceptable in our society. High school students are too immature to fully understand the effects of free sex could have on their lives. So there is no doubt that another problem will be created because of that. For sure the problem is abortion and baby dumping. Panic of being pregnant unexpectedly, they take a risk to abort the baby before their family aware of the physical changes later on. Abortion is a risky action which can be fatal to the mother. But being in desperate situation like this, they cannot think rationally anymore. But not all of them are having enough gut to take the risk for abortion. Some of them decided to give birth to the baby, but then at the end of it, because  of some reasons, they dump the baby without hesitate. Prevention: Long-term solutions to the problem of baby dumping require efforts at prevention. Steps must be taken to prevent unwanted pregnancies, provide assistance to parents in crisis, and increase communication within families and communities such as sexuality education. To prevent baby dumping, it is therefore necessary to educate individuals about sexuality. School are recommending teaching the subject about sexuality to avoid this types of problem to occurs. Sometimes, parents don’t give full attention to their children as today many parents are expect their children are good enough. Parents are also too busy with their jobs until they forget to give attention to their children. This is a serious problem among parents as they don’t know what their children are doing. Conclusion For the conclusion we will discuss about the best way to prevent the social crime. Which side should be more responsible for this? You may add your own points later because most of the time we should be spontaneous. *this is basically what we are going to do for our group discussion ï Å 

Concept Of Vindication In The Law Of Torts â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Concept Of Vindication In The Law Of Torts? Answer: Introduction One major classification of law is private Laws. These laws deal with peoples rights and obligations. The most common areas of these laws are the tort law and the business law. The law of contract deals with enforcement of contracts formed by the parties. On the other hand, Tort law allows a party to recover the damages suffered from the wrong actions of the other party. This paper will be illustration the application of both laws using two case scenarios. Issue as to Elements of a contract The determination whether there was a contract or not is a matter of testing the elements of a contract. For the law of contract to enforce a contract between the parties, the three major elements must be present. One of these is an offer. The law requires all contracts to start with one party proposing a deal[1]. The rules of an offer are that it must come from the offeror who is the party proposing it. Then it must be communicated to the other party referred to as the offeree. The party which the offeror expects to make a deal with. Also, there must be free will while making this offer. Another element of a contract is the acceptance. The basic rule is that once the other party receives an offer, the law expects that party to respond to it through accepting to make a contract.[2] Similarly, an acceptance must come from the offeree, must be communicated to the offeree, and it must be out of free will. The third element that must be present is a consideration. There must be a bargain that will end up with parties exchanging something of value. The other term is the intention to create a legal bond. This rule dictates that parties should be initially intending to make a binding management. Courts usually analyze the available evidence to decide whether there was an intention to create a legal relation.[3] Other elements are the capacity of the parties to contract, the legality of the agreement, consent of the parties, and some contracts may require being in writing.[4] Therefore, in determining whether a contract existed between Johnny and Marie, the court will examine this agreement against these elements. But since all these elements are available, then there was an enforceable agreement. Issue as to mistakes in a contract The mistake arose when Steven mistakenly asked one of the office staff to send Quotation A to Marie who was their potential customer. Unfortunately, Marie, accepted the mistaken quotation creating a binding agreement. There are three types of contractual mistakes. The first mistake is known as the common mistake. This mistake arises when both parties commit the same error[5]. There are three categories. The Res extincta mistake happens when parties form the contract believing that the subject matter exist when it does not exist.[6] Another common mistake can arise through Res sua when party contracts for goods that he actually owns.[7] The second class of mistake is called a mutual mistake. This one happens when parties have two distinct understanding of the facts. The court usually employs an objective test to determine to see whether it can save the contract. The last mistake is called a unilateral mistake. A unilateral mistake can be in two ways. One when one party makes a mistake and the other one knows the mistake but remains silent to let the contract formation continue. This one makes the contract void. The second one is where one party makes a mistake, and the other party does not know about the mistake so they both continues to the formation of the contract. This mistake does not make the contract invalid as found in Centrovincial Estates PLC v Merchant Investors Assurance Company Ltd [1983][8]. In this case, the landlord intended to offer a lease of 126,000 a year but instead offered for 65,000 per year. The tenant did not know of the mistake and hence accepted. The court affirmed that the contract was valid. Based on this analysis, the mistake in the contract between Johnny and Marie was a unilateral mistake where one party did not know of the mistake. Therefore, the contract was valid. Explain what will happen if the Lame Duck Restaurant is obliged to provide the premises for the banquet, but refuses to do so. Issue as to anticipatory breach of repudiation The action will constitute a breach of contract. Where one party breaches a contract, the innocent party may bring a cause of action to the court. An action can be intended to seek monetary compensation. These damages are meant to place the innocent party in the situation it could have been had the guilty party performed its promises.[9]Another possible action in the law of an injunction. This one seeks to prevent a party from breaking the promises. Specific performance is another action that requests the court to order the breaching party to complete what it promised in the contract. Another action is called repudiation. This action allows the innocent party to treat the contract as ended. From this, the innnocent partty has thee right to suspend its obligations. In this case, Lame Duck Restaurant rfuses to provide the premises for the banquet, it would commit a breach that attracts an action for repudiation or an anticipatory breach of repudiation. When this breach happens, the innocent party is only left with two choices. One is to take the repudiation as a breach, end the contract and sue for the damages. The second one is to wait and see whether the breaching party will change its mind and honor the agreement.[10] In Hochster v De la Tour [1853][11], the defendant canceled the contract with the claimant on 11th May. The contract was supposed to commence on 1st June. The claimant sued the defendant on 22nd May for the breach of contract. The court affirmed that the breach had happened despite that the actual date of performance had not commenced. Marie can choose to end the contract and sue for damages either the actual breach had occurred or not. There are fundamentally three elements for a claim of negligence. The first one is the duty of care. This element was first established in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson [1932][12] The claimant found a decayed snail when she poured the beer that remained in the bottle into her glass. She sued the defendant claiming that she suffered damages amounting to 500. The court affirmed that a duty of care existed from the manufacturer and a decomposed snail in the bottle was a breach of that duty. Later this principle was straightened in the case of Caparo v Dickman [1990][13] where the court set three elements for the duty of care. The second component is the breach of the duty. The claimant must prove that the defendant breached his duty of care as held in Nettleship v Weston [1971] [14].This was a case between a third lesson driving student who caused an accident injuring his instructor. The court found that the third lesson student breached his duty of caring for the instructor. The third element that the claimant need to demonstrate is a connection between the damages and the defendant breach of action. The practical approach is the but for test which find a direct link between the breached obligation and the loss.[15] The next approach is to find whether the damages are too remote. If they are too remote, the claimant cannot recover them as found in Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital Management Committee [1969][16] The claimant brought an action against the hospital that refused to examine her deceased husband. However, the husband conditions had resulted from the deadly arsenic poison which would have killed him anyway. The court declined to award the damages as the cause of the death could have resulted from the arsenic poison. Following this analysis, Jonny owed a duty to care for the people who were in the building, and he breached that duty. Advise Johnny on whether he is liable for actions of his gardener. There are some situations in the law of tort where one person will be liable for a negligent act of another. These situations are called vicarious liability. In particular, a principal can be liable for the negligent conduct of an employee or an agent that causes harm to the third party. An employer can be vicariously accountable for the actions of the employee who while undertaking authorized work does a careless action. If a third party suffers due to that action, the employer will be liable. An application of this rules was held in Century Insurance Co Ltd v Northern Ireland Road Transport Board [1942][17]. A tanker driver had brought petrol to the garage. He then decided to smoke a cigarette while loading the tank. The cigarette caused an explosion. The court shifted the liabilities to the employer because the driver was carrying out the employer's work. Advise what damages have to be paid for: medical expenses, money lost by canceling holiday or both? There are various types of compensatory damages that a person can receive. Normally, these damages are measured either as general or special damages. General damages are those damages which are non-economical.[18] For example, a claimant can receive compensation for emotional distress, physical pain, chronic suffering, or impairment. Special damages are also referred to as pecuniary damages. These are an actual economic loss. The court awards these damages to cover the present victim's loss, future loss, present medical bills, future medical bills, the cost associated with canceling of trips, etc. These damages are unique depending on each person.[19] From this analysis, Johnny would be liable for the special damages which would include the cost of future and present medical bills, out of pocket expenses and would be liable for the expenses resulting from the cancellation of the trip. References Riches, Sarah, Vida Allen and Denis J Keenan, Keenan And Riches' Business Law (Pearson/Longman, 9th ed, 2009) Stone, Richard, Text, Cases And Materials On Contract Law (Routledge, 2nd ed, 2014) Mann, Richard A, Barry S Roberts and Len Young Smith, Smith Roberson's Business Law (South-Western Cengage Learning, 15th ed, 2012) Beatty, Jeffrey F, Susan S Samuelson and Dean Bredeson, Business Law And The Legal Environment (South-Western Cengage Learning, 6th ed, 2013) Miller, Roger .L, Cengage Advantage Books: Business Law Today, The Essentials: Text And Summarized Cases (Cengage Learning, 11th ed, 2016) Saprai, Prince, "Balfour V Balfour And The Separation Of Contract And Promise" (2017) 37(3) Legal Studies O'Sullivan, Janet and Jonathan Hilliard, "The Law Of Contract" Etherton, Terence, "Contract Formation And The Fog Of Rectification" (2015) 68(1) Civil-engineering Legal Problems Varuhas, J. N., "The Concept Of 'Vindication' In The Law Of Torts: Rights, Interests And Damages" (2014) 34(2) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies Centrovincial Estates PLC v Merchant Investors Assurance Company Ltd [1983] Com LR 158 Hochster v De la Tour [1853] 2 E B 678 Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL 100 Caparo Industries Plc V Dickman [1990] UKHL 2 Nettleship v Weston [1971] 3 WLR 370 Court of Appeal Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428 Century Insurance Co Ltd v Northern Ireland Road Transport Board [1942] AC 509, HL

The Writing Of The Constitution Essays - United States,

The Writing of the Constitution A constitution is the legal structure of our political system, establishing governmental bodies , determining how their members are selected , and prescribing the rules by which they make their decisions . The nation's founders , fifty-five men , met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787 to write a new constitution and to form a new government. George Washington was elected chairman of the convention.The founders were all very well-educated. Over half the delegates had collage degrees, which was rare in the North American continent at that time. They also had experience in governing . More than forty of the delegates held high offices in state governments , including three who were governors. The founders believed in the idea that the purpose of government was the protection of individual life, liberty and property. Following the election of George Washington as president of the convention, Governor Edmund Randolph of Virginia presented a draft of a new constitution .The Virginia Plan proposed a two house legislature. A lower house directly elected by the people of the states based on the population , and an upper house elected by the lower house.The congress was to have broad legislative power ,with veto over laws passed by state legislatures .The President and cabinet would be elected by legislature. The national judiciary would be elected by legislature , and their would be a "Council of Revision" with power to veto laws of Congress. Delegates from New Jersey , New York and Delaware did not agree to the Virginia Plan due to the great power delegated to the national government . William Paterson of New Jersey submitted a counterproposal .The New Jersey Plan proposed a one-house legislature, with equal state representation regardless of population. Congress had some legislative power, including levying some taxes and the regulation of commerce.The plan also proposed separate executive and judicial branches , elected by Congress and removable by petition from majority of state governors.The judiciary was appointed by the chief executive .The plan also included the supremacy clause , stating that the Constitution and federal laws would supersede over state constitutions and laws . After several months of debate , Roger Sherman of Connecticut came forward with a compromise.The Connecticut Compromise proposed a two-house legislature , with numerical representation in the directly elected House and equal state representation in the indirectly elected Senate. It also gave Congress broad legislative power, including the power to levy taxes and to regulate commerce . It proposed a single executive , chosen by an Electoral College .The judiciary would be appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate .It also included the Supremacy Clause. This compromise was approved by the convention on the 16th of July,1787. Over time, constitutional changes have come about as a result of formal amendments, judicial interpretations ,and presidential and congressional actions. The most common method of constitutional amendment has been proposal by two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress followed by ratification by three-fourths of the states. In my opinion , two of the most important amendments to the constitution are the Fifteenth Amendment(1870): the right to vote shall not be denied because of race, and the Nineteenth Amendment (1920): the right to vote shall not be denied because of sex. In the future , the constitution will continue to be changed and modified ,